Applying Marxist Literary Theory to "The Necklace" by Guy de Maupassant Marxism and Marxist literary criticism are fundamental theories that analyze literature through an economic lens. Founded by Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels in the mid-nineteenth century, Marxism proposes that society is divided into the proletariat (working class) and the bourgeoisie (upper class). It suggests that the bourgeoisie manipulates societal structures to suppress the working class. The objective of Marxism is to establish a classless society based on collective ownership of the means of production, distribution, and exchange. When applying Marxist literary theory, literature is examined from an economic standpoint. The analysis involves determining whether the text reflects or challenges the dominant ideology, as well as identifying the class to which the characters belong. An essential aspect is understanding the influence of economic status on the characters' lives. The examination also i...